The short answer Preemptive scheduling can interrupt a running process to hand the CPU to a higher-priority or time-sliced task, so it stays responsive. Non-preemptive scheduling lets a process keep the CPU until it finishes or blocks, so it stays…
The short answer Paging splits logical memory into fixed-size pages and physical memory into equal frames, then a page table maps each page to a frame. It hides memory from the programmer and avoids external fragmentation, yet it wastes a…
The short answer Internal fragmentation is wasted memory inside an allocated block: the allocator hands a process a fixed block bigger than it asked for, so the leftover space sits unused. External fragmentation is wasted memory between blocks: enough total…
The short answer A program is a passive, static set of instructions stored on disk as an executable file, so it does nothing on its own. A process is a program in execution, so it is active, holds memory and…
